The Effects of Tui Na (Chinese Massage): How It Works on Meridians, Qi, and the Body

Tui Na, a form of Chinese therapeutic massage, is a cornerstone of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has been used for centuries to promote health and treat various conditions. Its primary effects are to unblock meridians, invigorate qi and blood circulation, and lubricate the joints. Rooted in ancient texts such as the Suwen (Plain Questions) and the Yizong Jinjian (Golden Mirror of Medicine), Tui Na applies manual techniques to specific points and areas of the body to restore balance and alleviate pain.

According to TCM theory, meridians (jingluo) form a network that connects all organs, tissues, and body parts. Qi and blood circulate through these pathways to nourish the entire body. When a meridian becomes blocked, pain or dysfunction arises. Tui Na techniques—such as pressing, kneading, and rolling—act on the surface of the body to open these channels. The Suwen states: “When the body experiences repeated fright and fear, the meridians become blocked, leading to numbness. Treatment should involve massage and medicated wine.” Similarly, it notes: “Cold invades the back shu points, causing blood stasis and pain. Pressing these points generates heat, which relieves the pain.”

Tui Na is not limited to treating painful points; it follows meridian pathways to select appropriate acupoints. For example, pressing and kneading the Back Shu points at the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae (Pishu and Weishu) can strengthen the spleen and stomach. Stimulating Hegu (LI4) on the hand can relieve toothache. This principle of “selecting points along the meridian” ensures that local treatments also affect distant organs and systems.

Modern research confirms that Tui Na’s mechanical stimulation induces biophysical and biochemical changes in the treated area. These changes trigger local physiological responses, which then spread through neural reflexes and humoral regulation to produce systemic effects. For instance:

Tui Na also influences the nervous system. Gentle, rhythmic techniques have a sedative effect, while rapid, forceful techniques stimulate. EEG studies show increased alpha wave amplitude after massage, indicating a state of internal inhibition. Segmental reflexes are also engaged: massage on the neck regulates cerebral blood flow and lowers intracranial pressure; vibration on the upper thoracic spine affects heart contraction; tapping on the lower back stimulates pelvic congestion; spinal pinching increases gastrointestinal motility; pressing Quepen (ST12) near the stellate ganglion dilates the pupil and raises skin temperature on the same side; abdominal and inner thigh massage can induce urination; and abdominal massage promotes digestion and secretion.

Laboratory studies reveal that Tui Na increases total white blood cell count and phagocytic activity, raises lymphocyte percentage, slightly increases red blood cells, and elevates serum complement, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion, urine output, and carbon dioxide excretion. These changes indicate enhanced immune function and metabolic activity.

Tui Na primarily improves functional disorders but also benefits certain organic conditions. By harmonizing qi and blood, unblocking meridians, and regulating the nervous and circulatory systems, it offers a holistic approach to health. As with all TCM therapies, proper diagnosis and technique are essential for safe and effective treatment.

References

• Huangdi Neijing Suwen (Plain Questions), Chapter 24: Blood, Qi, Form, and Will; Chapter 39: On Pain.
• Yizong Jinjian (Golden Mirror of Medicine), Section on Bone Setting and Heart Method.
• Modern research references cited in the original article (e.g., lymph flow experiments, EEG studies) are not from TCM classics but are included for context.